CLEATOR MOOR :: Local History | Little Ireland

<body> <table border="0" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="25" style="border: 1 solid #000000"> <tr><td width="100%" bgcolor="#CFD8FF"><font face="Arial" size="3"><b>  Cleator Moor Local History</b></font></td></tr></table> <html> <body> <p>eurovision, eurovision song contest, 2003 eurovision, eurovision song contest 2003, eurovision song, box eurovision juke, eurovision lyric, eurovision songcontest, 2002 eurovision, contest eurovision, 2002 contest eurovision song, eurovision video, eurovision gallery, 2004 eurovision, 1973 contest eurovision song, eurovision winner, contest eurovision song winner, eurovision junior, contest eurovision junior song, eurovision mp3, eurovision turkey, eurovision singer uk, 2003 eurovision song, contest eurovision thong, 1988 eurovision, eurovision italia songcontest, 2000 eurovision, 2003 eurovision video, 2004 contest eurovision song, eurovision 2003, cd eurovision, eurovision greece, eurovision betting, dream eurovision sweet, buck eurovision fizz, eurovision midi, donna eurovision prima, 2001 contest eurovision song, brotherhood eurovision man, eurovision rons, contest eurovision mp3 song, 1996 contest eurovision song stage, 1998 contest eurovision song, 2003 eurovision ireland, contest eurovision junior, 1999 charlotte contest eurovision in jerusalem nilsson song, 1999 contest eurovision song, 2003 contest eurovision song winner, 1996 contest eurovision song, contest cover eurovision record song, eurovision gemini, 1997 contest dana dublin eurovision international song, 1998 eurovision, 2000 contest eurovision song, 2001 contest copenhagen eurovision song, contest eurovision kid song, eurovision song winner, 1998 birmingham contest eurovision song stage, 2003 eurovision result, british eurovision final junior, child contest eurovision song, contest dana eurovision song, dot eurovision, eurovision kid, eurovision precious, eurovision song turkish, 1971 eurovision, 1987 eurovision, 1999 contest eurovision israel song, 2004 eurovision turkey, chat contest eurovision room song, competition eurovision thong, download eurovision, eurovision in tonia, eurovision listen song, eurovision national, 1994 eurovision, 1997 contest dublin eurovision in oscar paul song, 2003 contest eurovision junior song, 2003 eurovision lyric, buck contest eurovision fizz song, contest dress eurovision song, contest entry eurovision song spanish, contest eurovision lyric song, eurovision final national, eurovision ireland, eurovision istanbul, 1989 eurovision, 1996 eurovision, 1997 eurovision, 2001 contest denmark eurovision song, 2002 eurovision in lithuania, 2004 contest eurovision junior song, archive eurovision, baker cheryl eurovision, buy contest eurovision old song video, calling card eurovision, cmopetition eurovision muscians young, contest enter eurovision song, contest eurovision official song, contest eurovision song song, dana eurovision, eurovision music, eurovision television, tom morley, tom, morley, tom morely</p> <p>Tom Morley, a ten year old singing sensation from Cleator Moor is set to represent the United Kingdom after winning the British final of the first ever Junior Eurovision Song Contest.<br> <br> The Cleator Moor schoolboy, wowed the country with My Song for the World, which he wrote himself during the war on Iraq His delighted family believe he can win the Junior Eurovision with it when he represents the UK in the final in Copenhagen on November 15.<br> <br> Tom proved himself every inch the star when he competed in the British final, which was shown live on ITV1. He amazed millions of TV viewers when he performed My Song for the World, he cried when he heard he had won, and host Tara Palmer-Tomkinson, said: “I feel very proud that someone his age has written such a heart-felt song. And what a little heart-breaker!"<br> <br> Tom beat off competition from more than 300 eight to 15 year-olds, to win through to the British final, which he won with 64 points, beating nearest rival Uzlot, by two clear points.<br> <br> Being chosen to represent the UK in the first ever Junior Eurovision is Tom’s biggest showbiz break so far. Since he returned home, the phone hasn’t stop ringing with TV bosses desperate to get home on their shows.<br> <br> Tom is being tipped for the top after signing a deal with EMI, the world’s largest song publishers. The deal means EMI will collect royalties from his Eurovision entry, 'Song for the World' on his behalf. Being signed up to EMI as a songwriter is a major boost to the youngster’s dream of becoming a star.<br> <br> Recently, Tom has also raised Ł1,000 in less than two months for Cancer Research with his first single, the double A-side 'My Mother's Arms' and 'Through the Eyes of a Child'. Songwriter and record producer Tom Tyson, of the Music Farm studio at Egremont, has no doubt that Tom can go all the way. “He is a great kid to work with. He is charming, very, very hard working and very bright.”<br> <br> Mr Tyson and fellow songwriter Steve Falcon were so impressed with Tom, they recorded his double A-side CD and donate Ł1 for every CD purchased to charity.<br> <br> Listen to a sample of 'Through the eyes of a child' [ <a href="http://www.themoor.ukf.net/media/tmclip2.ram">here</a> ]<br> Listen to a sample of 'My mothers Arms[ <a href="http://www.themoor.ukf.net/media/tmclip1.ram">here</a> ]<br> - if you like what you hear, visit <a href="http://www.themusicfarm.co.uk/" target="_blank">http://www.themusicfarm.co.uk/</a> and buy a copy! <img src="http://wwwtoolz.com/msgboard/images/icons/icon10.gif" width="15" height="15"> </p> <p>eurovision, eurovision song contest, 2003 eurovision, eurovision song contest 2003, eurovision song, box eurovision juke, eurovision lyric, eurovision songcontest, 2002 eurovision, contest eurovision, 2002 contest eurovision song, eurovision video, eurovision gallery, 2004 eurovision, 1973 contest eurovision song, eurovision winner, contest eurovision song winner, eurovision junior, contest eurovision junior song, eurovision mp3, eurovision turkey, eurovision singer uk, 2003 eurovision song, contest eurovision thong, 1988 eurovision, eurovision italia songcontest, 2000 eurovision, 2003 eurovision video, 2004 contest eurovision song, eurovision 2003, cd eurovision, eurovision greece, eurovision betting, dream eurovision sweet, buck eurovision fizz, eurovision midi, donna eurovision prima, 2001 contest eurovision song, brotherhood eurovision man, eurovision rons, contest eurovision mp3 song, 1996 contest eurovision song stage, 1998 contest eurovision song, 2003 eurovision ireland, contest eurovision junior, 1999 charlotte contest eurovision in jerusalem nilsson song, 1999 contest eurovision song, 2003 contest eurovision song winner, 1996 contest eurovision song, contest cover eurovision record song, eurovision gemini, 1997 contest dana dublin eurovision international song, 1998 eurovision, 2000 contest eurovision song, 2001 contest copenhagen eurovision song, contest eurovision kid song, eurovision song winner, 1998 birmingham contest eurovision song stage, 2003 eurovision result, british eurovision final junior, child contest eurovision song, contest dana eurovision song, dot eurovision, eurovision kid, eurovision precious, eurovision song turkish, 1971 eurovision, 1987 eurovision, 1999 contest eurovision israel song, 2004 eurovision turkey, chat contest eurovision room song, competition eurovision thong, download eurovision, eurovision in tonia, eurovision listen song, eurovision national, 1994 eurovision, 1997 contest dublin eurovision in oscar paul song, 2003 contest eurovision junior song, 2003 eurovision lyric, buck contest eurovision fizz song, contest dress eurovision song, contest entry eurovision song spanish, contest eurovision lyric song, eurovision final national, eurovision ireland, eurovision istanbul, 1989 eurovision, 1996 eurovision, 1997 eurovision, 2001 contest denmark eurovision song, 2002 eurovision in lithuania, 2004 contest eurovision junior song, archive eurovision, baker cheryl eurovision, buy contest eurovision old song video, calling card eurovision, cmopetition eurovision muscians young, contest enter eurovision song, contest eurovision official song, contest eurovision song song, dana eurovision, eurovision music, eurovision television, tom morley, tom, morley, tom morely</p> <p>Cleator Moor, or Little Ireland as it is affectionately known by local people, owes its roots to the Irish immigrants who came to the town looking for work during the infamous potato famine which blighted much of Ireland during 1845-1850.</p> <p>This site, designed by Sean Duffy, and edited by Tom Duffy is a culmination of many years of research and the collecting of material relevant to the history of this unique Cumbrian town.</p> <p>Tom has tried to give a comprehensive view of events which have had a bearing on the town, such as the Orange Order Riots, Mining Disasters and the impact of the Iron Ore Industry.</p> <p>The name Cleator Moor, is exactly what it implies 'The Moor of Cleator'.  Cleator is the Village about one mile from the Town and the origins of the Village can be traced back to the 12th Century.  <p>Some of the explanations of the name have been given in various publications, these four are from the mid 1800s and early 1900s.  From Nicholson and Burns "Kekell from the river Kekell, and so the parish was called Kekeltere and by contraction Cleator."  From Whelen Directory 1860, "Probably the district derived its name from Ketel, the third Baron of Kendal."  From Bulmers Directory 1901. "  Cleator appears in old records as Kekleton, so named from the small river Keekle which bounds it on the West.  The origin of the name has not as yet been ascertained with any degree of certainty.  A rather distant resemblance in sound of the name of the third Baron of Kendal, Ketel, has been suggested the name of that feudal champion as the source of the word."  From Cleator Past and Present by Caeser Caine, and reprinted by Michael Moon, he writes about a Richard Cleter which appears in a document 1292, when quoting from a translation from 1315 he writes " Cleator was not spared, in 1315, a Lieutenant of Robert the Bruce, descended upon St Bees, Egremont and Cleator".  There have also been the name Cleator variously spelt; 1175 Cletergh; 1322 Cleterne; 1338 Cletergh; 1539 Cletour; 1572 Cleter; and 1900 Cleator, and a derivation of the name Kekelterre, contracted to Cleator, ie the lands of the river Kekel. </p> <p>In his historical notes on Cleator and the neighbourhood which was written by Mr Henry Rothery who was Clerk to the Council and published in the Whitehaven News in April 1905, he went on to describe the old Roman Road which had passed along what is now the main Street in Cleator, entering the Todholes Land near the Catholic Church a little to the west of the existing highway, it crossed Ennerdale Road at what was the west side of Towerson Street, and onwards to Papcastle, this road was visible on the Wath estate after all traces had disappeared elsewhere was owing to the land at this point, been part of the Cleator Common, and hadn't been cultivated until after it had been allocated under the Enclosure Act.  This act of Parliment was applied for on the 5th September 1812 to obtain an act for "The purpose of obtaining an act for dividing enclosing and allocating the common and waste grounds within the parish of Cleator".  The enclosure Act was secured in 1815, with the Royal Assent being signed on April 30th 1816, named "The Cleator Award", with the final award of the Commons being made on January 21st 1825.</p> <p>One of the reasons for the decrease in the population of the town between 1821 and 1831 was the failure of the Birley Linen and Thread Mills at Cleator.  When this happened families moved away from the area to seek employment in other towns which had a similar industry.  Thomas Ainsworth purchased these Linen and Thread Mills in the mid 1830s, and from then on the town grew.  The population at the start of the 20th Century was close on 10,000.</p> <p>The building of The Cleator Moor Iron works, or as it was known The Furnace Yard began in 1842.  The siting of the works was right in the middle of an area which could supply all the basic commodities to make high grade Steel.  Coal from the Threapthwaite, Whinnie and Hope pits. A Railway which was being built close to the yard which had lines running to the Whinnie and Hope mines, Limestone and Iron-Ore was to be had from premises belonging to the Proprietors of the Yard.</p> <p>The owners of the Iron-Ore mines now had an outlet for their Ore which was of a very high grade. In fact if one looks at figures they show that in 1859 only 7% of Ore was used locally, and by 1870 with the arrival of the Railways this had risen to over 50% of local mined Ore, which demonstrates the huge impact that the Railways had on the Iron Trade.  These Furnaces closed down in 1926 and the Yard is now an Industrial Estate. </p> <p>One of the best descriptions of the Iron works is contained in the series of articles that was written with the title "Old John and I" [Isaac Nisbett] who were two elderly gentlemen who roamed the countryside in the 1850s and wrote as to what they saw on their walks, which was published by the Whitehaven Herald in 1850 - 1851, on their jaunt to Cleator Moor this is what they wrote..... " Well squire" said John" shall we pay our long projected visit to Cleator Moor Iron works?" "with all my heart" said I.  So off we went.  John said as they entered the busy locality.  Black faced Colliers, and red faced iron-ore pit men, were going from work and carts laden with Coal, Ore and Iron passing in long lines.  "All is hustle here" said John, "there are the tall chimneys of the pit at Whinnie Hill, and over there are the yet taller chimneys of the Iron works."  As they continued their walk Old John said to I "and there Squire is the object of our visit; the huge furnaces vomiting fire and smoke that after nightfall lighten up the country for miles around".</p> <p>As they neared the extensive works Old John gave I one of his laconic histories, and then enquired if I knew what Steel was, not waiting for an answer he proceeded, "Steel Squire is Iron united with charcoal.  Two portions of charcoal and one hundred of Iron make excellent steel.  We then turned in at a gate on our left, by the weighing machine, where all the Iron sent from the works is weighed; and here we enter the domain of the Company.  On the right and left are long ranges of coke ovens,great quantities of coke being used at the works.  One thing amused me, the place for steaming Potatoes.  The Mens wives have taken advantage of the waste steam from the engine that comes up a circular shaft from an underground channel, like a well.  In this they hang their bags of potatoes, and they are steamed to perfection.</p> <p>From there they proceeded to the top of the furnaces, and as John said "looking down from that giddy height to the bustling hive below it was as well those pinnacles are surrounded by an iron railing, or fearful would be the feelings of a nervous head" said I.  "Let us go below," said Old John, and in an instant, like some evil spirits he disappeared into the bowels of the earth.  A stair in the stone wall was there, and down it I followed him.  when again I was standing along side my old friend he was standing beside a small building.  From the wall he took out a brick and told me to peep in.  The whole interior was one glow of white heat, and in the midst, great iron pipes were twisted in all directions, heated nearly to the melting point.  "No cold air, squire is allowed to go in there; everything cold is tabooed" think he said "of air so hot as to melt lead".</p> <p>From there Old John took me to where the molten iron was cast into pigs, seated near an opening into the furnace sat some half naked men, from the opening issued an constant stream of molten lava, as we stood watching the six o'clock bell rang and immediately arrived a relay of workmen to supply for the next twelve hours the place of those who had borne the heat and burden of the day.  "Now squire what do you think of that" said John "how many hundred live in our town and have within an evenings walk, a sight so grand and wonderful as this, worth even a days journey to see it.</p> <p>In the space of 15 years between 1848 and 1863, the townspeople of Cleator Moor were devastated by three disasters.</p> <p>In the first of these on October 28th 1848, at Whinney Hill Mine, an explosion caused by fire damp killed 30 miners. It was a Saturday morning, and off the shift that had gone down the mine that day, only two escaped death, these being Edward Bradley and Thompson Piper. A 13 year old boy John Ward, was brought out alive, but later died from his injuries. </p> <p>The majority of the miners who died were married, with 17 of them leaving behind wives and 52 children. The eldest of those killed was 47 years, and among the dead were two 12 year olds. As well as John Ward there was also another two 13 year olds who died. Most of the dead had been suffocated [23] or burned [7]. The newspaper reports of the day blamed the miners for having removed the tops from their safety lamps to light their pipes. A verdict of Accidental death was recorded on all at the Inquest on the explosion. </p> <p>The second of the disasters occurred on Bowthorn Road on June 10th 1857, when six people were overcome in their homes, by a Gas from the Slag spoil heaps at the rear of their houses, or from the slag the houses were built upon. Those who died that day were John Sloan of number 48 Bowthorn Road, Fenton Murray at number 44, and four members of a family, who had lived opposite at number 49, these being Joseph Armstrong his wife Mary, and their children Robert and Joseph, three daughters were found insensible in the front room of the house but survived. </p> <p>At the inquest which was held in the School Rooms, Cleator Moor, the then secretary of state at the Home Office a Sir George Grey, sent a Government analytical chemist and toxicologist to investigate the cause of death. The verdict at the inquest was that Joseph and Mary Armstrong their sons Robert and Joseph, along with John Sloan and Fenton Murray had died accidentally from the inhalation of Sulphurated Hydrogen Gas generated from the slag under their homes, and from the adjoining heaps of slag at the rear of the houses. The owner of the houses, a Mr Holliday from Carlisle, and the Hematite Iron Company, who had generated the waste slag from the nearby furnaces, were represented by solicitors at the inquest. It was recommended by the jury that all houses on Bowthorn Road built on slag be efficiently drained, and until this was done, the houses could not be safely occupied. </p> <p>The third incident was an accident which occurred on May 25th 1863, at number Two Pit where work was taking place to connect that Pit with the Hope Pit some 700 yards distant. Those who died that day, were brothers John, William and Alexander Weir and Alexanders 10 year old son. They all suffocated. They all had lived in the New Houses at Whitehaven, and left behind wives and fourteen children. It appears from the extensive reports written at the time in the Cumberland Pacquet, that the 10 year old had been down the mine on a number of occasions with his father, but was not employed there, although he had worked at Wellington Pit in Whitehaven in the past. All four were overcome by a Gas. The verdict at the inquest was accidental death, and the Jury recommended the Colliery Proprietors to keep amore efficient staff of Overmen to carry out the Colliery rules properly.</p> <p>During the mid to late 1800s, the Cleator Moor Local Board took many decisions which had a lot of bearing on the town as it is today.</p> <p>At the Board Meeting on the 2nd October 1871, a discussion took place regarding the general improvement in the living conditions in the town, after this discussion, a decision was taken that "A Market be established on the Moor, and that about 70 yards in length of Jacktrees Road, and from the corner of Jacktrees Road opposite what was Mr Richardsons shop, and along Ennerdale Road to a Mr Kellys Joiner shop, that this land would be the new Market place".  This area was laid out, but apparently was not completed, for at a later meeting held in 1876 it was brought up again about the land still being a muddy waste, and that this issue must be resolved, and that a proper Market Square be laid with a Hall and Public Offices; after this meeting a contract was drawn up, and the builders of the new Square carted slag from the Iron-works at Crossfield to provide a solid foundation, again at the meeting held in October 1878, after the meeting had been told about the Street improvements in the Town, it was decreed that the Length of Ennerdale Road be considerably shortened, and to accomplish this the board voted, that from the Goods yard to Fletcher Street corner that his be re-named High Street, and that the numbering of the houses be that; odd numbers on one side and even numbers on the opposite side of the Street.  The Local Board also said that nameplates with the Street names on was be put up on each Street or Road in the Town.</p> <p>One of main problems that the Board had to contend with, was the Health in the Town, which at times raised some concern.  At most of the monthly meetings, the then Medical Health Officer Doctor Eaton, had to give a report as to the number of Births and Deaths which had occurred since the last meeting, the number of cases of Measles and Scarlatina which had been reported and the measures undertaken to reduce the risk of spreading.  In September 1889 he recommended that the Schools be closed for between four and six weeks, as in his opinion the schools were the chief cause of the outbreak, and that the schools be disinfected and Ventilated to reduce the risk of spreading.  This was because there had been in the previous fortnight, some 271 cases of the disease and it was then at epidemic proportions.  The board turned down his request as the board thought that the schools were a better place for the children than the homes some of them lived in.  There was a lot of reports at the meetings read out by the clerk to the Board, which must have gave some concern to the members, in one given in the 1870s, he stated that "there was a cry out about the state of Queen Street, and that the inhabitants were anxious to know if the Street was to be Sewered".</p> <p>Other reports to the Board this time given in 1887, by the then Inspector of nuisances Mr Charles Gowen he said "that he had visited a house on Bowthorn Road, and found a Pig living in a Pantry in the kitchen, within three foot of the fireplace, and that liquid manure was running over the flags quite upto the fireplace".  He went on to inform the board that he had spoken to the mistress of the house, and he had been informed, that they had only had the pig in two days as it had had fits, and they wanted to keep it warm, there was also in the house hens which were sleeping on the coals under the stairs in the kitchen.  The inspector made an order at the time to remove the pig, and this was done within two hours of him visiting the premises.  Again in a report later in 1887 Mr Gowen had to report that "A house near to the Railway Bridge on Birks Road, had, had a hole knocked through the wall to allow the householders hens to enter through the house parlour to lay eggs", and after him seeing the householder this hole had been filled in. </p> <p>At one of the meetings held in January 1887, Mr Gowan who was also the Captain of the Cleator Moor Fire Brigade, said that the Brigade had been called out to a fire at Crossfield Road, which had been in one of the bedrooms, and was soon put out.  The property was not insured, and the expense to the Board was 30/-, and Mr Gowan thought that the householder should be applied to for this amount, this was agreed to by the whole Board. </p> <p>At the meeting of the Cleator Moor Urban District Council, which was reported in the Cumberland Paquet in April 1901.  Those present being Rev Fr Ward, Retiring chairman, the Clerk to the Council Mr H Rothery, Mr Robinson Surveyor, and Messrs Gaythwaite, Lamb, Steele, Herald, Flynn, Dixon, Ciappessoni, Atkinson and Murphy.  The Chairman in his report said" that they had spent Ł450 in the previous year on footpath improvements, and that he was pleased to report that the Council had wiped out the last of the dept incurred in constructing the Waterworks, which included the two reservoirs on Dent.  These works cost Ł10,430 and was now, as well as the Markets and Public Offices the property of the Ratepayers, free from all incumbrances whatsoever".  He also went on to report on the Cleator Moor Gas-works saying that "all the revenue had been sufficient to meet all working costs.  The Rev Fr Ward was unanimously re-elected to serve as Chairman for the following year. </p> <p>In 1865 the Cleator Moor Local Board published a unique book of Bye-Laws for the Town, this book was printed by the Whitehaven News Steam Printing Establishment at their offices at Roper Street and Queen Street Whitehaven.  The book contains 55 pages.  In it the Board set out the various duties for the Transaction and Management of business and all are given under the hands of members of the Local Board these being Joseph Hope Junior, Clerk to the Board; Jonas Lindow Burns, Chairman of the Board; Joseph Hope, H. Munroe Mackenzie, Isaac Armstrong, Joseph Dodds, Robert Irving Smith and Thomas Cumberford and dated 18th February 1865. </p> <p>Reading through these bye-laws gives an insight to the living conditions in the mid 19th century not just in Cleator Moor but they probably applied to any Town in the Country, as some were part of the Town Police Causes Act of 1847 and the Local Board thought it proper that the public were furnished with printed copies of all sections covered.  Below is a few samples taken from this book, under the heading of nuisances....</p> <p><i>Every person who flies any Kite, or who makes or uses any slide upon Ice or Snow.</i></p> <p><i>Every person who keeps any Pigsty to the front of any street, not being shut out from any such street, by a sufficient wall or fence, or who keeps any swine in or near any street, so as to be a common nuisance.</i></p> <p><i>Every person who beats or shakes any carpet, rug or mat (except door mats, beaten or shaken before the hour of eight in the morning)</i></p> <p><i>Every person who wilfully and indecently exposes his person.</i></p> <p><i>Every person who wilfully and wantonly disturbs any inhabitant, by pulling or ringing any door bell, or knocking at any door, or who wilfully and unlawfully extinguishes the light of any lamp.</i></p> <p>The Bye-Laws also cover the upkeep of every Slaughter house in the Town, regarding as to being whitewashed with Quick lime twice each year, and the removal of all refuse from any premises.  It also goes on to cover the prevention of nuisances arising from snow, filth, dust ashes and rubbish, and the keeping of animals.  It stipulates that the structure of walls of new buildings and dwelling houses adjoining houses or building by a wall throughout of stone or brick of at least nine inches thick.</p> <p>In the section on Fires, it gives that a fine of not exceeding Ł5 be imposed for; every person who wilfully sets or causes to be set on fire any chimney within the limits of the special Act.  The Laws even covers that 'Every person who is drunk in any street and guilty of riotous or indecent behaviour, shall be libel to a penalty not exceeding 40s, for every such offence, or in the discretion of the Justice before who he is convicted, to imprisonment for a period not exceeding Seven days'.</p> <p>When the Whitehaven News stated in its report foundation stone for the new Church of St Johns on Monday 18th July 1870, "That it was a day to remember in the History on the laying of the of Cleator Moor", it was a well chosen sentence.</p> <p>Prior to the building of this church, services had been held in the Montreal Schoolrooms, which had been kindly lent by John Stirling and licenced for service by the Bishop of Carlisle.  In the latter part of 1868 the Marquis of Westminster had placed in the hands of the Bishop the sum of Ł6,000 to endow Two Peel districts, one in Dalton in Furness and the other at Cleator Moor.  With an endowment being secured it was then left to the wealthy owners of the mines to come forward with subscriptions and when Thomas Brocklebank of Liverpool generously donated close on three acres of land at the corner of Leconfield Street and Crossfield Road for the building of the new Church an ample area was also set aside for a burial ground for the Parish.  John Stirling was one of the first owners to lead by example and donated the sum of Ł1,000 towards the cost of a little over Ł5,000 which was the cost of the new building.</p> <p>Some six months after these donations the foundation stone was laid on 18th July 1870.  The ceremony was attended by between two and three hundred and Mr Stirling was presented with a Silver Trowel and Mallet to mark the occasion.  In the cavity of the stone were placed a hermatically sealed bottle containing copies of the Whitehaven News, Herald and Paquet, an accout of the constitution of the Cleator Moor Parish, a list of all the subscribers and a number of coins of the Realm.  After the ceremony a description of the new Church was given by the Architects Messers Cory and Ferguson of Carlisle, and the building contracted to Mr Eilbeck of Gailmire, who futher sub-contracted Mr Weeks of Keekle for the Joinering, and the painting, plumbing and Glazing to be undertaken by Mr Holloway of Whitehaven, the Slater to be used was a Mr Whitfield of Workington.  The building of the Church took a little short of two years to complete and the Church was Consecrated to St John on 25th June 1872.  The Reverand Edward Jump who had been appointed incumbent to the Parish on 16th April 1869, taking the first service. </p> <p>With the large number of Catholic Immigrants arriving in the Town in the 1850s there was a spiritual need for a Church in the parish.</p> <p>At that time the Catholic Priest at Whitehaven, Father William Gregory Holden of the order of St Benedict [OSB] saw this need and founded a Mission at Cleator.  He obtained land at Brookside and built the new Church there in 1853.  The original Church which had been dedicated to St Bega opened in December of that year.</p> <p>The building of this original Church, was of a stone structure in the decorated style having a stone tower, and the Church when it was built could accommodate some 600 Parishoners.  The cost of this Church had been in the region of Ł1,500, and would later become part of St Marys School, on the building of the new present Church. Father Holden who had been ordained a Priest on October 27th 1816, left Whitehaven to live in his new Parish, but sadly died there, at Cleator on the 8th January 1859 at the age of 68 years.</p> <p>He was succeeded by Father Williams who in turn was succeeded by Father Matthew Gregory Brierly OSB, who became Parish Priest from 1868 until 1875, and many think that even though Fr Holden founded the mission, it was Fr Brierly that saw it firmly established, as within a year and a half from his arrival, the foundation stone of the larger present Church had been laid; the need for this new and larger Church had become an necessity because of the increasing number of Catholics arriving in the Town, and it was on the 23rd of June 1872 that the present Church, which had been built to a design by Messrs Pugin and Pugin of London, was opened and dedicated to "Our Lady of the Sacred Heart".</p> <p>The Church was not the only result of Father Brierlys endeavours, as St Patricks School on Duke Street was built and opened, as well as Schools being built at Frizington and Egremont, along with Missions being founded in these two Towns, as well as the Spiritual work he also found time outside the parish work to act as a member of Cleator Moors Local Board.  Father Brierly left Cleator for Frizington in 1875 and from there he went to Maryport , were he died in 1901.  At Cleator when Fr Brierly left, Father Burchall OSB who had been Curate in the Parish from 1868, serving alongside Fr Brierly became the Parish Priest until 1887. </p> <p>From 1887 until 1911, the Benedictine's continued to administer to the Spiritual needs of the Parish, with Fr Ross 1887 - 1889, Fr Wray 1889, Fr Woden 1889 - 1891, Fr McCabe 1891 -1892, Fr Ward 1892 - 1901, Fr Kershaw 1901 - 1905, Fr O'Leary 1905 - 1906 and Fr Scannell 1906 - 1911, being the Parish Priests at St Marys.</p> <p>It was in 1911 that one of the most revered Priests in living memory, took over from Father Scannell who had moved to Birtley and died there on April 5th 1913 at the age of 57, this Priest was Father Fredrick Cuthbert Clayton OSB.  He had been born in Nottingham on 4th August 1869 and was ordained a Priest on June 26th 1898.  He had been sent to Cleator as a young Curate on 4th June 1904, and after serving well under Fr Scannell he became Parish Priest himself on Fr Scannells departure in July 1911.  One of the greatest achievements that Father Clayton is remembered by today is the building of the Grotto to Our Lady Of Lourdes , which had been built by the men of the Parish during the depression of 1926.  The idea to build this replica of Lourdes was met by a great response by the men of the Parish, and vouchers for Footwear and clothing was given to the Volunteers.  The Grotto was completed and opened on Sunday 30th October 1927 by the then Abbot of Douai, the right Reverend Edmund Kelly OSB.  The Grotto is still a place of Annual Pilgrimage and is a centre of devotion not just for Catholics, but for all. </p> <p>Father Clayton was joined in the Parish in September 1930 by another young Curate, Father Francis Kevin McCann OSB, who himself would become Parish Priest on the death of Dean Clayton on 1st April 1956, after leading and serving his flock for 52 years.  Father Kevin as he was affectionately known , continued the good work in the Parish, which was the hallmark of all the previous Rectors from Father Holden founding the Mission in 1853.  It was on the death of Father McCann in January 1972, after serving the Parish for 42 years, that there came the end of the Benedictine Order of being in charge at Cleator. </p> <p>It was left to Father Andrew Gibbons OSB who was himself a Cleator man, to cover as "Caretaker" until the new Parish Priest, who was off the Secular Clergy, Father Francis Cookson arrived in mid 1972, during his stay at Cleator, Fr Cookson was appointed Dean, and under his direction the Church underwent extensive refurbishment and reordering of the interior, the Church was re opened on Sunday 2nd April 1978.  On Dean Cookson taking up another appointment as Parish Priest, he was replaced by Father Cahalane who himself moved to Milnthorpe, and then in September 1990 Father Tim Sullivan took over to see the good work continue as started by his predecessors in 1853. </p> <p>Since the Mission was founded by Father Holden, Cleator has been well served by Priests in the Parish, with all the Rectors being ably assisted by their Curates, many of these Curates becoming themselves Priests in charge of a Parish both at Cleator and further afield.</p> <p>The Cleator Moor Methodists Chapel on Market Place, and the corner of Earl Street, Cleator Moor was built by the Wesleyan Methodists and opened on 23rd March 1879, the service being conducted by the Rev Peter Mackenzie, who had been a former miner before entering the Ministry.  The Earl Street Chapel was destroyed by fire on 17th September 1932, with only the exterior walls remaining after the fire, and the beautiful interior lost.  During the period before the Chapel was rebuilt the Wesleyans moved into the Co-operative rooms for Services.  The new and present Chapel was built and was opened on 14th March 1934 with the Rev W. Younger taking the service. </p> <p>The Methodists was first founded in this area, in Whitehaven, when John Wesley visited the Town in September 1749, and it was while he was on this visit, that the first Society of Methodists in the town was formed. </p> <p>It was in 1844 that a chapel was built at Kiln Brow Cleator, and it was upto 1863, that the Cleator Moor Methodists used this Chapel, before moving into new premises on the Moor itself.  The Kiln Brow Chapel was used until it closed in 1934. </p> <p>The Primitive Methodists opened Chapels on Ennerdale Road, the third of these being in1875, however in 1890 this building was declared unsafe and was demolished, not to be deterred they built a fourth Chapel on the site, this being opened on June 30th 1893.  It was in 1965 that the Primitive Methodists joined with the Wesleyan Methodists to form The Cleator Moor Methodists.  There was also a Methodist Chapel built with Iron Sheeting in the Crescent at Bowthorn. </p> <p>On Ennerdale Road there were a number of Churches these being, Presbyterian, and Congregational, as well as the Methodists.</p> <p>One of the most documented accounts of the 1880s is the now infamous riot which occurred at Cleator Moor on 12th July 1884.  When the decision was taken by the Cumberland Orange Order to celebrate a victory which had occurred some 200 years previous, when William of Orange had defeated the Catholic James II in 1690 at the battle of The Boyne and Aughrim in Ireland, by holding an Orange March and Rally through the mainly Irish Catholic Populated Town, the fuse was lit. </p> <p>There were special trains laid on that Saturday to bring into the Town some nineteen Lodges from various Towns in the County, along with over 800 marchers and their families, as well as around eight Bands all in full Regalia and many carrying their Ceremonial Pikes and Cutlasses.  There was no trouble on the march down to Ehen Hall were Jonas Lindow had opened his grounds for a rally, and after having the rally the procession marched back past the Catholic Church of St Marys at Brookside with the bands playing anti Catholic tunes to a field at Wath Brow for tea, this was followed by speeches before at the sound of a bugle, the marchers with their banners flying and the pipes and drums playing they set of back to return to the railway station for their homeward journey and when they reached the Moor the fuse ignited. </p> <p>A very substantial crowd had congregated in what was a very hot and humid afternoon, and when the marchers reached the Moor they were pelted with stones and suffered verbal abuse from the large crowd, an attempt was made to destroy the banners and drums belonging to the different Orange Lodges, during these scuffles a shot rang out and a young Postal Messenger called Henry Tumelty who was standing close by was shot dead.  In the resulting inquest he was exonerated as having any involvement in the riot, and at his inquest a verdict of "Death by a shot fired from a pistol or revolver by a person unknown" was recorded.  However he was not the only casualty of the riot as when it was over, as well as his death there were 21 people listed as having Bullet,Sabre and Cutless wounds, three of these wounded were Teenage girls.  The fighting and stone-throwing continued until the various Lodges managed to reach the Railway Station, and a few shots were still fired at the stone throwing crowd as the trains steamed out of the Station. </p> <p>However this was not the end of the confrontation, as after all the other Orange Lodges had departed, the Cleator Moor Orange Lodge named "Unexpected" and their members and Lodge Master a John Bawden were left behind to face the wrath of a very angry crowd, their homes were visited and most windows were broken even though the police tried to give them some protection. </p> <p>In the resulting inquiry into the riots and events leading up to them, one of the West Coast Orange Lodges were singled out as having come prepared for trouble, by having carried weapons including revolvers, Swords, Sabres and Pikes which they had wielded as Quarter staffs during these riots. </p> <p>John Stirling was one of the main Mine owners and benefactors in the building of the new Town of Cleator Moor in the late 1800's.  And it was because of the high esteem that the townspeople held him that a subscription was started to erect a suitable memorial to honour him, a committee was formed consisting of prominent townspeople, and it was decided that a water fountain erected on the front of Cleator Moor Square on the occasion of his Golden Wedding would be a fitting tribute.  The water fountain was to be made of two kinds of Granite, Grey Rubislaw and Red Balmoral, the base to consist of three steps covering an area of 10ft6ins by 10ft6ins, and these would be surmounted by two blocks then a circular shaft which would support a large basin in red granite 4ft in diameter, this in turn would have another tall shaft carrying a second basin, from which would rise a bronze Stork, whose bill would form the fountain jet, the whole of the work above the basement would be highly polished and in the basin atop the large circular shaft would be a fish pond.  The stepped basement and fountain would be supplied and built by Messrs Walkers of Cockermouth.  The cost of the fountain had been raised by public subscription amounting to over Ł200 on the large circular shaft would be the following inscription :</p> <p>Erected by the public of Cleator Moor to commemorate the Golden Wedding of John and Marian Stirling, and a token of the high esteem in which they are held 1852.  September 14th 1902.  Their love for the people of the district has been made manifest by man acts of large hearted Kindness.  'Good name in Man and Woman is the immediate Jewel of their souls.' Othello Act 3 Scene 3.<br> Opened by Jonas Lindow esq. Sept 9th 1903. W Gaythwaite Chairman of Committee. F.A Ciappessoni Hon Sec.</p> <p>The Whitehaven News in its publication on the 10th September 1903 reported "That the weather on the day was very boisterous in the afternoon, and that thousands of people in Cleator Moor and the surrounding districts, had forsook the environment of a fireside to do honour to Mr John Stirling, whose name is synonymous with all that is noble and good".</p> <p>The memorial was erected on the front of the Market Square on Wednesday the 9th September 1903, where it still stands today.</p> <p>Shortly after the Co-operative Movement was founded in Rochdale Lancashire, a similar enterprise was started on Cleator Moor, this grew from very humble beginnings to become the Largest shopping movement in Cumbria.  At this time Cleator Moor was expanding rapidly, with the building of new houses for the emigrant workers flooding into the Town for employment in the Iron Trade and at the Linen Mills at Cleator. </p> <p>From the early records and accounts, it would appear that John Anderson, Harry Ellison, James Douglas and three others had got together to form a Co-operative, in buying goods for their own needs, and selling any surplus to others.  The first known shop was opened at 35 Ennerdale Road, and it was probable that the first committee met there to discuss their buying of goods as a Co-operation.  They started off in a very small way, and when the people of the Town got interested in what they were achieving, and the appeal of a dividend being paid on purchases the Co-operative was born.  The Committee of Management registered the Cleator Moor Society on the 30th September 1858, and it became established as a business on the 23rd October of that same year, with the Head Office address as 7 Jacktrees Road. </p> <p>By November 1862 the membership of the society was standing at 80, and at the meeting of members the then Secretary Henry Ellison stated that "Our prospects are cheering and we hope to convince the people in the district that there are advantages to be derived from Co-operation which they have hitherto neither known nor thought of " he also said that credit was allowed to the extent of 15shillings in every pound invested. </p> <p>The momentum continued through the first decade and membership in 1867 had reached 640 with the sales in the first 10 years of trading reaching Ł121,691 - 1 - 0d, this continued and by 1898 the total sales in the society had reached Ł3,346,092 - 10 - 11d, these sales reflected the increase in trading taking place with the opening of a Clog and Shoe Store in the Town in 1866.  In 1869 they had opened a branch in Hensingham and were looking for premises in Cleator to open a Grocery Shop, this they achieved, and by 1872 the society had opened on the Moor a Drapery alongside the extensive Grocery business, they also at this time possessed a Mill and a Farm.  By the 66th Quarterly meeting in April 1875 it was shown that membership had reached 2,073 and that the meeting was attended by over 300 members, and in the Co-operative News report on that meeting it was said "We have never before seen a society of this magnetite, with so short a list of assets. There are only five assets, and one of them is Tradesman's accounts overpaid, the others are fixed stock, saleable stock, cash and members debts.  It appears from this that our friends at Cleator Moor keep themselves to themselves, and have no connection with the outer world.  They have no shares in any other Companies or societies.  There might be no Co-operative Wholesale in Newcastle, no Co-operative printers there, no Co-operative soap works at Durham, no Ouseburn or any other effort for the emancipation of industry requiring encouragement such as practical help only can give.  There might be nothing in the world Co-operative except the Cleator Moor Society".</p> <p>In the Northern Counties Gazette of 6th July 1878, what the paper said about the Moor was,"It is almost surprising to find at a place like the Moor such a monster institution as the Cleator Moor Co-operative Society Limited, and to find it in such a flourishing condition as even in the present depressed state of trade it has no less than thirteen branch establishments in the neighbouring Villages as well as a Mill and Farm under its control".  The Society further opened a Steam and Flour Mill in November 1882.  Shortly after the turn of the Century in 1910, Just 50 years after its creation the membership had risen from the 80 members in 1862 to 6,121.  Again by 1957 one Hundred years from its Registering as a Society the membership stood at 10,862 and the Co-operative owned branches at,Whitehaven, Bowthorn, Cleator, Moor Row, Ennerdale, Frizington, Rowrah, Wath Brow, Pica, Moresby Parks, Parton, Distington, Bransty, Kell, Bigrigg, Hensingham and St Bees as well as the Multiple stores on Cleator Moor.  The Cleator Moor Co-operative Society underwent major changes in the early 1970s.  It was taken over, and Amalgamated with other Co-ops to become the Cumbrian Co-op.  The store on the Jacktrees Road closed in 1994 and is now situated on a new site at Leconfield Street. </p> <p>At the turn of the 20th Century Cleator Moor, like all towns in England had a large number of Public Houses around the Town, If one went for a walk, starting at Bowthorn and finishing in Cleator Village there would be around Thirty Houses licensed to sell Intoxicating Liquor on your journey, these included many which are no longer standing today. </p> <p>Starting your walk at the top of Bowthorn you might call in and have a pint with John Rogan landlord of The Robin Hood, carry on walking down the row, and have a drink in The Royal Oak were you could discuss daily topics with Mrs Mary Wilson who was the Licensee , go a bit further down and call in at number 81 were Owen Flynn would be behind the bar of The Railway Tavern, carry on down and enter The New Crown and have a pint with Jn Tompson.  On your way up to the Moor you would probably call into Patrick Walsh's Union Inn which was just down from the New Crown, and owned by The Tower Brewery of Whitehaven, enter the doors of The Station Hotel and have a natter with Peter Herald, before taking a stroll past the Railway Station onto Crossfield were you would find Thomas Raynor behind the bar of The Shamrock on Riley Terrace.</p> <p>Continue back onto Leconfield Street and meet Mrs Mawson in The Ironworks, or pay a visit to The Station Hotel were Michael McNanee would make you quite welcome.  Carry on with your walk onto the Moor itself, and walk on down Birks Road were you might drop in at number 100, which was Patrick Burns Prince of Wales, continue up the road and call on Bernard Byrnes in the Wheatsheaf , go up a few doors and you would find The Black Bull with mine host being Patrick Byrnes, before dropping into The Queens Arms Hotel, the Landlord being Henry Ward whose family had been in the Hotel for the previous 50 years, with his Father Joseph being the owner before him.</p> <p>Walk over the road onto Duke Street were you would find The Lion and Bernard Burns pulling pints, go on then up Jacktrees Road and have a good crack in The White Horse with Peter Richardson, before calling in at the Lowther Arms were Mrs Shepherd would be serving, and sample some of the Tower Brewery Ales there.  Cross back over the road by Richardsons Shop and go through the entrance of the Commercial Hotel, which some twenty years previous had changed its name from The Beehive, and you would see George Kilpatrick serving his customers, going from the Commercial onto North Street would find you going in Thomas Kennedy's The Albert Hotel, before your walk onto Alby Street were you would find open Mrs Margaret Murthas Bentick Arms, or The White Bull were Edward Burns would engage you in conversation, across the road was The Globe Hotel and Francis O'Neil, or if one wanted go into Patrick Ashs New Crown Star, before trying the beer in The Foresters Arms which was a beer Retailer run by John Donnelly, as was Michael Murrays Miners Arms on Union Street. Crossing back over the road enter The Royal on the corner of Fletcher Street, which had previously been called The George Arms, and there meet John Burns who would pull you a pint, crossing back over onto Ennerdale Road, and go into The Golden Lion Hotel , which like the Robin Hood, Albert Hotel, White Bull, Prince of Wales and the Royal all belonged to and served Joseph Dalzells Beer from its Parton and Harrington Breweries, and was ably looked after by Terrance Byrne.</p> <p>Going on down Ennerdale Road you might call in at number 25 and have a drink with Peter Kennedy who was a beer retailer in the Miners Arms at that address.  A little further up the road would find Mrs Mary Nevinsons Victoria, or cross over again and meet up with John McMullen who was also a Cab Proprietor, as well as being Landlord in the Derby Arms.  Continue on over towards Wath Brow and enter the doors of The Rising Sun were William Graham would greet you, or a little further on was Mrs Hunter in the Greyhound.  Going over the main Road, on the corner of the road to Ennerdale would be Edward Burns in the Littles Arms.  From there walking towards Cleator you would have to call in at The Fleecy Ram were Mrs Mary Howe was the Landlady.  Going on down to Brookside, you might sample a pint in Miss Henderson's Albert before continuing the walk to Cleator Village itself and maybe a stop off at The Three Tuns which was also the Posting House and was ably looked after by Mrs Sarah Gaythwaite, or go into Samual Martins Hare and Hounds, or Millers Inn were Mrs Smith would make you welcome, before making your way back to Cleator Moor having sampled the best of The Cleator Moor, Tower and Dalzell Breweries finest Ales on your journey. </p> <p>When George Stephenson 1781 -1848, inventor and founder of the Railways had his first locomotive tested successfully in 1818, it was to have a world wide impact on travel.  When the Railways came to Cleator Moor in the mid 1850s a new mode of travel was there for the population to find places hitherto unknown outside of books. </p> <p>It was in 1856 that the newly formed Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway Company [WC&ER] opened, and the following year, the line from Moor Row to Frizington via Crossfield was opened for goods traffic in January 1857, and then in July of that year for Passenger traffic.  It was in 1866 that another line through to Cleator Moor, known as the second Bowthorn line from Moor Row to Birks Bridge Junction was built. </p> <p>With the establishment of the Cleator Railways it increased the output and shipment of ore, from the Whitehaven Port, in its first six months of operating it carried some 50,000 tonnes of this ore. </p> <p>In the late 1860s the local Railway companies sought financial support from some of the larger National Companies, like The London and Northwest Railway Company which had become active in Cumberland, and as this company was less sympathetic to the Local Pricing arrangements a protest meeting was called when they raised the fees for Freight carriage.  This meeting was supported by Local mine owners and landowners like Lord Leconfield and Lord Lonsdale along with Mr H Curwen of Workington, and it was proposed to seek a bill through Parliament, and this came before the House Select Committee in March 1876, and was to be called The Cleator and Workington Junction Railway [C&WJR] </p> <p>With the building of the railway, a need arose for a viaduct to span the river Keekle as part of the Cleator and Workington Junction, and this work was entrusted to Messrs R Ward from Workington to build this viaduct as part of the new line.  The work commenced on this imposing, Seven Arched Viaduct in March of 1877, and was completed in 1878, however the bridge was not opened to Passenger traffic until the following year. </p> <p>The C&WJR opening ceremony took place on 19th March 1877, when the first sod was cut, the place selected for this cutting was in the breast of a hill opposite the West Cumberland Iron and Steel works, near to the ruins of Burrough Walls in Workington, again the contractors for this line building was entrusted to Messrs Ward from Workington, progress was slow through 1877 and 1878.  In January 1878 the C&WJR bill passed through standing orders in the House of Commons.  Work progressed, and by March 1879 the contractors had a single line completed from Lonsdale Docks in Workington through to Cleator Moor, and the first truck of mineral passed over this line on Friday February 28th 1879.  The line was formally opened on Tuesday July 1st 1879, however it wasn't until October of that year that the opening ceremony was celebrated with a Banquet in the Assembly Rooms Workington. </p> <p>The Viaduct at Keekle last saw regular services in Passenger traffic, except for excursions, in April 1931 and all freight traffic finished in July 1963.</p> <p>The Viaduct is still standing today but is in a very dilapidated condition, and is barriered off at each end for safety, and is now overgrown with grass and weeds.  The tracks the trains ran on are now part of the Cycle network. </p> <p>The Hippodome or the Hip as it was known was built in 1910 by John Relph and William Pedley to provide the new mode of entertainment -- the moving picture show to the public of Cleator Moor. </p> <p>The Hip was built of a wooden frame which was covered by Iron sheeting on land close to the Market Square.  They first opened the doors of the Hip on Boxing day 1910, with live entertainment and a few short silent comedies, that had to be hand projected onto the screen.</p> <p>In the 1920s John Padley left Cleator Moor, and sold the Hippodome to a Stanley Rodgers who also controlled the Theatre Royal in Roper Street Whitehaven. </p> <p>In 1922 until his retirement in 1946, the Hip was managed by Samual Humphries and on his retirement the manager became John Edgar. </p> <p>A new Company The Hippodrome Ltd, was formed in 1947, after it had been purchased by Businessmen Alan Branford and his brother Elgar, Alan became the Chairman of the new company and Elgar the Managing director.  In 1951 after W.R.Rowe took over the company, acting as joint Chairman and Managing Director, a major reconstruction took place, with all the major work being carried out by Local firms of Builders, Joiners etc.  A new brick finish replaced the old wooden frame and Iron Sheeting, and had new tip up seating costing Ł7,000 was installed, as well as all the reconstructing, the Hip also underwent a name change to the Regal. </p> <p>The building closed as a Picture house in 1962, becoming The Regal Lucky Strike and Bingo Social Club on 6th September 1962, and thus ending an era of moving picture shows and entertainment in the Hip.</p> <p>The building was destroyed by a fire in the early 1990s, taking away from the Moor yet another place which had so many happy memories for the townspeople of Cleator Moor.</p> <p>cleator moor, history, historical, local history, ireland, irish republic, northern ireland, dublin, isle of mann, photographs, photos, pictures, postcards, old postcards, memorabilia, genealogy, cumbria, cumberland, the lake district, lakeland, cleator moor, cleator, school, schools, st. mary, st. john, grotto, lourdes, iron ore, railway, railways, keekle, linen, mill, mills, potato, famine, blight, orange order, orange lodge, king, billy, boyne, sterling, notice board, discussion forum, forum, family history, research, industrial, tom duffy, sean duffy, whitehaven, egremont, workington, frizington, cockermouth, carlisle, penrith, keswick, windermere, holiday, vacation, tom morely, junior eurovision, junior eurovision song contest, eurovision song contest, tom morely cleator moor</p> </body>